At 50, Paul Douglas was the oldest Marine recruit ever to go through basic training at Parris Island. |
Seventy years ago — Dec. 4, 1941 — the Chicago Sun, the seed of this newspaper, was sown by Marshal Field III, an attempt to support Franklin D. Roosevelt’s interventionist policies and counterbalance the Chicago Tribune, Col. Robert McCormick’s isolationist, reactionary, deeply biased Republican multimedia bully (what, you think it started with Fox News?)
The city, keen for a newspaper war, which at the time involved squads of armed goons attacking each other, stayed up late Dec. 3. The presses ran at 11 p.m. A million copies of that first edition were sold.
The timing was bad. Three days after the debut, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, and even the Hitler-coddling Tribune got behind America’s opposing fascism. Still, the Sun kept shining, 70 years now and counting.
When we remember Pearl Harbor, we remember the surprise Japanese attack, the 2,000 American lives lost, the “day that will live in infamy.” And that’s about it. I certainly didn’t know how Paul Douglas responded; I only knew one fact about Douglas — he was once a U.S. senator from Illinois — and that was only because I wrote Chuck Percy’s obit, so I knew Percy defeated Douglas in 1966.
Then I bumped into Ald. Ed Burke (14th), who had Douglas on his mind.
“After Dec. 7, he resigned from City Council and enlisted in the Marines,” said Burke. “He was 51 years old when basic training was over.”
Once Douglas joined the Corps, he used his connections, not to avoid combat, as some do, but to get sent into battle.
“In every age, there are patriots we need to honor,” said Burke.
When you look closely at the details, history tends to be more complicated, more human and — in my view — more interesting than Greatest Generation generalities. Douglas enlisted after Dec. 7, yes, but he also wanted to enlist before Pearl Harbor.
“I tried to make amends for my sedentary years,” Douglas wrote in his memoirs, of his summer, 1941 spent getting fit, swimming and running at the Indiana Dunes. “Although on the edge of fifty, I found myself obsessed with a wish seemingly impossible of fulfillment. I wanted to do more than talk. I wanted to enlist in the armed forces.”
A Quaker, during World War I Douglas had gone through “internal agony” trying to decide if he could kill fellow human beings. He registered as a conscientious objector then, in 1918, had a change of heart and tried to enlist, but let himself be turned away.
In 1941, he realized “if aggression was to be stopped, it would have to be by force.” His reasons were personal as well as political. “There were emotional forces at work, also,” he wrote. “I was dissatisfied with my record in World War I, when I had waited too long . . . I wanted to erase that stigma, and how better could I do that than by risking my life in defense of my country?”
Douglas quit City Council (Paddy Bauler shouting out “Good riddance!” as he announced his resignation) enlisted, fought, earned two Purple Hearts and a Bronze Star, returned and was elected to the Senate, where he fought equally hard for civil rights, serving Illinois from 1949 to 1967.
“Illinois has traditionally sent two types of leaders to Washington,” said Chris Kennedy, the former Merchandise Mart president. “Great moral leaders, like Paul Simon, and great operators, like Dan Rostenkowski. Paul Douglas was the archetype of the great moral leader, and he garnered a lot of his legitimacy through personal courage and what he did in World War II.”
Burke thinks the city should find a way to honor Douglas.
“Nothing is named for him in Chicago,” said Burke. “Just as we honor those patriots fighting in Afghanistan and Iraq, we ought to remember the example of patriotism and bravery that those who went before them represented.”
So when I fly my flag to mark Dec. 7 Wednesday, I’ll remember Paul Douglas, for both patriotic and personal reasons. The night that the Chicago Sun went on sale, the risk of violence was so great it was uncertain whether newsstands would accept bundles of the upstart publication. Douglas, then an alderman, pressed the mayor to assign a policeman to every newsstand, to help deter the Tribune thugs. Time to return the favor.
—Originally published in the Sun-Times Dec. 5, 2011.
I don’t recall resting this original column, so I’m glad you reposted. Although no place in Chicago is named for him, per Wikipedia:
ReplyDelete“A memorial marker at the Marine Corps training base at Parris Island reads:
DOUGLAS VISITORS CENTER
in Memory of SENATOR PAUL H. DOUGLAS 1892 ~ 1976
Graduating from Parris Island in 1942 as a 50-year-old Private, Mr. Douglas was an inspiration to all. He rose to the rank of Major while serving in the Pacific Theater where he was wounded at Peleliu and Okinawa. Retired as a Lieutenant Colonel. The former economics professor later served as a U.S. Senator from Illinois. By his personal courage, fortitude and leadership, the Honorable Paul H. Douglas demonstrated the personal traits characteristic of Marine leaders.
From 1986 to 1997, the U.S. Department of Education awarded the Paul Douglas Teacher Scholarship in Douglas's honor.
In 1992 the University of Illinois, Institute of Government and Public Affairs established the Paul H. Douglas Award for Ethics in Government as part of the celebration of the senator's 100th birthday, and in recognition of his outstanding service to the nation.
The Paul Douglas Forest Preserve in Hoffman Estates, Illinois is named for him.”
Newspaper wars in big cities like New York and Chicago..."involved squads of armed goons attacking each other"...and had a long history. Newsstand vendors and newsboys were known to get killed for selling the"wrong" papers. I'm not surprised the fascists at the Tribune still had sluggers and thugs as late as 1941. Did the newly-minted Sun have them as well? Probably. We are a violent people, and always have been. America's history of violence is older than the country itself.
ReplyDeleteWhich is why, if there are still any historians around in 2101, they will most likely note that "In 2021, Democrats and leftists realized if aggression from the GOP and the far right was to be stopped, it would have to be by force.” Economic, political, and labor violence are all as American as apple pie.
Newsweek once devoted an entire issue to the anniversary of the "day that will live in infamy." My father, who served in the Philippines, noticed I was reading it. All he said was: "I can't believe it's been twenty-five years."